आज के दौर में टेक्नोलॉजी इस कदर बढ़ गई है कि इसकी मदद से हमनें लगभग हर नामुमकिन सवालो के जवाब ढूंढ लिए हैं| ये हमारी तकनीक का ही वरदान है की हम सूरज चाँद जैसे रहस्यमयी विषयों की वास्तविकता का पता लगा पाए है| हमने एटम बम बनाने से लेकर सौर मंडल तक का सफ़र तय कर लिया है| तकनीकिय स्तर पर हमारा इस कदर विकास हुआ है की कल तक जिसे केवल किस्मत का खेल और भगवान की मर्जी पर छोड़ दिया जाता था आज उन सभी इच्छाओं को या यूँ कहें जरूरतों को टेक्नोलॉजी के सहारे हासिल कर लिया है
| आज से कुछ साल पहले पेरेंट्स बनना न बनना स्वास्थ्य पर निर्भर हुआ करता था पर आज के इस दौर में शरीर ना साथ दे या किसी भी वजह से माँ बाप बनने में परेशानी हो रही हो तो कोई बात नहीं टेस्ट ट्यूब बेबी के नाम से मशहूर तकनीक है हमारे पास जिसके माध्यम से बच्चा पैदा किया जाता है और इसे इन वरतो फर्टिलाइजेशन (IVF) या टेस्ट ट्यूब बेबी के नाम से जानते हैं|
जो कपल गर्भ नहीं धारण कर पाते उन्हें टेस्टट्यूब बेबी की इस तकनिकी के सहारे औलाद का सुख मिलता है| टेस्टट्यूब बेबी के बारे में जानने के पहले हम जानते हैं कंसीव न कर पाने के मुख्य कारण|
इनफर्टिलिटी
यह कमी पुरुषों में पाई जाती है, जिसका मतलब होता है कि पुरुष में पर्याप्त मात्र में स्पर्म्स नहीं हैं जिससे उनके लिए गर्भ धारण करना मुश्किल हो जाता है।
ओवुलेशन साईकल में अस्थिरता
इस गड़बड़ी के कारण महिला के भीतर आवश्यक अण्डों का निर्माण नहीं होता या फिर अण्डों के निर्माण प्रक्रिया में भी गड़बड़ी हो सकती है। वे महिलाएं जिन्हें थाईरॉइड की समस्या होती हैं| उनमे ओवुलेशन प्रक्रिया बाधित हो जाती है और उनका गर्भ धारण मुश्किल हो जाता है।
फलोपियन ट्यूब और ओवरी
गर्भधारण न कर पाने की समस्या, ओवरी और फैलोपियन ट्यूब से भी जुडी हो सकती है।
अधिक उम्र
महिला और पुरुष की उम्र भी गर्भ न धारण करने की बहुत बड़ी वजह बन सकती है। अगर कोई दंपति जोड़ा गर्भ धारण नही कर पाते किसी भी वजह से तो उनके लिए मेडिकल साइंस में कुछ तरीके उपलब्ध हैं जिनमे से टेस्ट ट्यूब सबसे अहम है|
सामान्यतः एक नेचुरल गर्भ धारण प्रक्रिया में पुरुष का स्पर्म महिला के ओवरी में मौजूद अंडे के अंदर जाकर उसे फर्टिलाइज करता है| ओवुलेशन के बाद अंडा फर्टिलाइज होकर ओवरी से निकलकर महिला के यूटेरस में चला जाता है और वह धीरे धीरे इंसान का रूप लेता है। जो महिला नैचुरली कंसीव नही कर पाती है तो उनके लिए IVF की तकनिकी वरदान की तरह है|
I V F से गर्भ धारण करने की प्रक्रिया
पहला स्टेप – मासिक धर्म को को रोकना
कम से कम 2 हफ़्तों तक इंजेक्शन में दवाई दे कर महिलाओ का मासिक धर्म रोका जाता है क्योंकि मासिक धर्म चलते रहने पर गर्भ धारण नही किया जा सकता|
दूसरा स्टेप – सुपर ओवुलेशन
दूसरे चरण में ओवरी जहाँ अंडा बनाता है ओवुलेशन के दौरान उसे फर्टिलिटी ड्रग दिया जाता है| जिसमे फर्टिलिटी हॉर्मोन्स होते है जिससे ओवरी समान्य से अधिक अंडो की पैदावार करता है।
तीसरा स्टेप – अंडे को बाहर निकालना
फर्टिलिटी हॉर्मोन के वजह से ओवरी में बनाए जाने वाले अंडो को एक छोटी सी सर्जरी द्वारा बाहर निकाला जाता है। सर्जरी में एक पतली सी सुई महिला के वजाइना से होकर ओवरी तक ले जाई जाती है, जिसमे सुई के आगे लगे सक्शन पंप अंडे को खींच के बाहर निकालते हैं।
चौथा स्टेप – इनसेमिनेशन और फर्टिलाइजेशन
चौथे चरण में बाहर निकाले गए अंडो को पुरुष के स्पर्म के साथ रखा जाता है । कुछ समय बाद स्पर्म अंडे के अंदर जाना शुरू कर देते है। कई बार अंडो के अंदर स्पर्म्स को इंजेक्शन द्वारा डाला जाता है। इस प्रक्रिया को इनसेमिनेशन कहा जाता है। स्पर्म जब अंडे के अंदर चला जाता है तो उसे फर्टिलाइज करना शुरू कर देता है। अंडा जब पूरी तरह से फर्टिलाइज हो जाता है तो वह एम्ब्रायो का रूप ले लेता है। यह प्रक्रिया महिला के ओवरी से निकाले गए सभी अंडो के साथ होती है।
पांचवा स्टेप – एम्ब्रायो को अंदर डालना
पांचवे चरण में सभी एम्ब्रायो की जाँच की जाती है और उनमें से सबसे बेहतर एम्ब्रायो को चुना जाता है। डॉक्टर और दंपति आपस मे विचार विमर्श करके चयन करते है कि कौनसा एम्ब्रायो महिला के गर्भ में जाना चाहिए। अगर बने हुए सभी एम्ब्रायो मे से एक भी मजबूत नही हो तो महिला के गर्भ में एक से अधिक एम्ब्रायो डाले जाते है। एम्ब्रायो को एक पतले से ट्यूब द्वारा वजाइना से होते हुए महिला के यूटरस में डाल दिया जाता है और धीरे-धीरे बच्चे का आकार लेना शुरू कर देता है।
इन सारे स्टेप्स के कुछ दिनों बाद एक टेस्ट ट्यूब बेबी का जन्म होता है। विश्व मे अब तक लगभग 50 लाख से ज्यादा टस्ट ट्यूब बेबी जन्म ले चुके हैं और लूसी ब्राउन नाम की बच्ची दुनिया की पहली टेस्ट ट्यूब बेबी बनी।
इस प्रक्रिया से बच्चे को जन्म देना काफी महँगा भी होता है इसलिए सभी सस्ते प्रक्रियाओ के असफल होने के बाद ही इसका सहारा लें|
नोट : इस आर्टिकल में दी गई जानकारियां रिसर्च पर आधारित हैं । इन्हें लेकर हम यह दावा नहीं करते कि ये पूरी तरह सत्य और सटीक हैं, इन्हें आजमाने और अपनाने से पहले संबंधित क्षेत्र के विशेषज्ञ की सलाह जरूर लें।
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